Regular Institutions of Higher Education refer to educational establishments set up according to government standards and evaluation and approval procedures, mainly enrolling graduates from senior secondary schools through uniform national matriculation examinations and providing higher education. Such institutions include full-time universities, independent colleges, technical colleges, professional colleges, and other institutionsª±
     Institutions of Higher Learning for Adults refer to educational establishments approved according to relevant government rules, enrolling staff and workers with senior secondary or equivalent education through uniform national matriculation examinations, and providing them with regular higher education in various forms such as full-time, part-time, spare-time and correspondence courses in accordance with requirements of regular higher education in years of education, curricula, and total learning hours, so that they meet the standards for graduation of universities or junior collegesª± Institutions of higher learning for adults include radio and TV universities, colleges for staff and workers, colleges for farmers, colleges for management cadres, teachers' colleges, and independent correspondence collegesª±
     Enrollment Rate of Primary School-age Children refers to the proportion of school-age children enrolled at primary schools in the total number of school-age children both in and outside schools (including retarded children, but excluding blind, deaf and dumb children).
     Scientific and Technological Activities refer to all those organized and systematic activities of science and technology which are closely connected with the emergence, development, diffusion and application of scientific and technological knowledge in all scientific and technological fields, such as natural sciences, agricultural science, medical science, engineering and technical science, humanities and social sciences. Organized and systematic activities refer to activities within the range of an institution, regarded as regular work of the institution and organized in a planned way by the personnel of the institution. At present, scientific and technological activities include activities in an organized and systematic way within the survey coverage, classified into three categories: (1) activities of research and development; (2) applied activities of research and development; (3) service activities of science and technologyª±
     Activities of Research and Development refer to the systematic and creative work with the aim of widening knowledge and creating new uses for knowledgeª± They entail four basic factors: (1) creative factor; (2) novel or innovative factor; (3) application of scientific methods; (4) emergence of new knowledge. They include three types: (1) basic research; (2) applied research; (3) experiments and developmentª±
     Surveyed Units of Scientific and Technological Activities refer to the number of survey units within the survey coverage. As for research and development institutions (including those under county administration) and scientific and technological information and literature institutions in natural sciences, social sciences and humanities£¬one institution constitutes a survey unit; as for institutions of higher education, one university or college accounts for a survey unit; as for enterprises, one enterprise is a survey unitª±
     Institutions of Scientific and Technological Activities refer to organic institutions engaged in scientific and technological activities within the survey coverage, including state-owned research and development institutions with independent accounting system (in the field of natural sciences, social sciences and humanities), including technological development institutions affiliated to institutions and large and medium-sized industrial enterprises. Full-time affiliated institutions of scientific and technological activities refer to those mainly and relatively stably engaged in technological activities with formal ratification of educational institutions and higher authorities. Technological development institutions affiliated to large and medium-sized industrial enterprises refer to special development institutions solely run by enterprises or jointly run with other units but keeping relatively independent administration from production system, or having their independent accounting system (such as research institutions or development departments of development centers run by enterprises).
     Personnel Engaged in Scientific and Technological Activities refer to all the persons in the survey units engaged in scientific and technological activities during the reference period, i.e. those who are directly engaged in such activities or provide direct services to such activities with over 10% of their annual working hours devoted to scientific and technological activities.
     Scientists and Engineers refer to persons who have completed regular undergraduate or higher level education and persons with senior or medium professional titles but without the aforesaid educational backgroundª±
     Other Technical Personnel refer to persons involved in science and technology with secondary specialized education or junior college education and persons with junior professional titles but without the aforesaid educational backgroundª±
     Personnel of Research and Development refer to persons who are engaged in research and development activities during the reference period, i.e. those in the survey units who are directly engaged in R & D activities or provide services to R & D activities in such forms as administration and technical services with over 10% of their annual working hours devoted to such activitiesª± It is the sum of full-time personnel and non-full-time personnelª±
     Total Funds for Scientific and Technological Activities refer to the funds for scientific and technological activities (including capital construction funds for scientific research) raised by the survey units from various channels during the reference period, including government funds, self-raised funds, bank loans and other fundsª±
     Total Expenditure for Scientific and Technological Activities (Internal Expenditure) refers to the actual expenditure made for scientific and technological activities by the survey units during the reference period, including service expenses, operating expenses for scientific research, management expenses for scientific research, purchases of fixed assets with investment in non-capital construction, capital construction expenditure for scientific research and others, but excluding expenditure for productive activities, expenditure for return of loans and expenditure transferred to other unitsª±
     Total Expenditure on Research and Development refers to all actual expenditure made for R & D (basic research, applied research and experimental development) in the reference period, including direct expenditure on R & D activities and indirect expenditure on R & D activities such as management expenses, administrative expenses and investment in capital construction related to R & Dª±
     Number of Prizes Won at and above Provincial Level refers to the number of various prizes in scientific and technological research won by the units engaged in scientific and technological activities from administrative departments for science and technology in provincial or central governments in the current year. If a prize is won in a cooperative way, it is reported only by the first listed unit so as to avoid duplication. As for achievements that have won several prizes, only one prize is reportedª± Prizes won by achievements include all those at state level, provincial level and city (prefecture) level. State-level prizes are National Prize for Natural Sciences, National Invention Prize, National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology and National Spark Prizeª± Prizes at provincial and ministerial level refer to major achievements and progress in science and technology awarded by the departments of the state council, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central governmentª±
     Number of Research Tasks (Projects) of Scientific and Technological Institutions refers to the number of research tasks (projects) on R & D, application of R & D and scientific and technological services, which are listed in the plans of scientific research or approved by administrative departments of the survey units and launched in the current year. It includes those newly started and those uncompleted in the preceding year but continued into the current statistical yearª±
     Cultural Institutions refer to units which have their own organizational system and independent accounting system and specialize in or serve cultural development. They exclude other establishments with independent accounting system run by these cultural institutions and amateur cultural groups established by various departmentsª±
     Art Troupes refer to troupes which are engaged in drama, opera, music, dance, acrobatics or other art performances, open independent accounts with banks with independent accounting system, excluding troupes which are engaged partly in industrial or agricultural activities and partly in art performance and folk professional troupesª±
     Film Projection Units refer to units with film projection equipment, fullª² or part-time projectionists, permanent or non-permanent cinemas, approved by and registered with related administrative departments to show films regularly for certain groups of audience, including film projection units which have been approved to give commercial shows and share profits with administrative agencies of film circulation and projection, as well as film renting units of the military systemª±
     Number of Spectators at Art Performance (person-time) refers to the number of attendants at commercial shows, completely booked shows or free shows given in minority national areas, excluding the number of spectators at rehearsals for examination and internal shows for study.ª±